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Global Warming: Global warming refers to the increase in average temperature of the earth, particularly at the lower atmosphere due to the abundant increase of greenhouse gases. This is primarily due to the human's intervention and the lifestyle they have adapted in the recent years. Greenhouse gases in its natural content in the atmosphere are required, for it acts as a greenhouse around the earth. It allows the sun's rays to pass through the atmosphere but doesn't let it to escape and creates a surrounding suitable for life. Life cannot exist without green house gases like carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane etc but they should be existing in permissible quantities only. The problem of global warming arises when people started contributing abundant amount of green house gases which traps more heat in the atmosphere thus increasing the temperature. Global warming begins when sunlight reaches Earth. The clouds, atmospheric particles, reflective ground surfaces and ocea...

SUDAN, LIKE MANY AFRICAN COUNTRIES, consists of numerous ethnic groups. Unlike most states, however, Sudan has two distinct divisions: the north, which is largely Arab and Muslim, and the south, which consists predominantly of black Nilotic peoples, some of whom are members of indigenous faiths and others who are Christians. British policy during the Anglo-Egyptian condominium (1899-1955) intensified the rift because Britain established separate administrations for the two areas and forbade northerners to enter the south. In the 1990s, many southerners continued to fear being ruled by northerners, who lacked familiarity with their beliefs and ethnic traditions and sought to impose northern institutions on them. Given its proximity to Egypt and the centrality of the Nile River that both countries share, it is not surprising that historically Egypt has influenced Sudan significantly especially the northern part of the country. Ancient Cush, located in present-day northern Sudan, was str...

Haiti is the second oldest independent country in the Western Hemisphere and is the oldest black republic in the world. It was established in 1804 by the only successful country-wide slave rebellion in history. However, Haiti, even after independence from France, was ruled by a succession of dictators. From one of the richest agricultural lands in the Americas In colonial times, Haiti has become the poorest country in the Western hemisphere. It is unable to produce enough food to adequately feed its population, most of whom are moderately malnourished. Life expectancy is short and infant mortality is high, about 12% of children dying before their first birthday. One third of all children die before their 5th birthday. The population of Haiti today is about 8,300,000 people. 75% of the population live in rural areas, concentrated on small family plots in the few areas suitable for agriculture. In these areas, the population density is very high, increasing the problems of disease expos...

Man is known by his manners. They proclaim him as no other thing would. Courtesy costs nothing and generates a lot of goodwill, friendliness, fellow-feeling, politeness and a congenial ambience. Politeness drives away anger, while rude behavior invites wrath and causes a lot of harm by generating a lot of hatred and bitterness. Good manners and behavior generate good and amicable response while bad manners and behavior create a vicious circle. As we sow, so we reap goes the universal saying and things boomerang on us. A good mannered person is immediately recognized. He is liked, admired and welcomed by all. He is polite, soft-spoken, courteous, helpful, affable and accommodating. His ever-helping habits and pleasing behavior wins him popularity and makes him a favorite, wherever he is. His gratitude to others in lieu of help received and his eagerness to return it manifold gives him an edge over others. For him saying “thank you” comes as a habit for any help rendered, however sma...

POLICY ON THE FUNCTIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF FORMED POLICE UNITS IN UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS Contents             A.       Purpose    B.       Scope C.       Rationale D.       Description, functions and organization E.       Command and control F.       Monitoring and compliance G.      Entry into force A. Purpose 1. This policy defines and describes the functions and organization of Formed Police Units (hereafter “FPU(s)”) deployed in United Nations peacekeeping operations (hereafter “mission(s)”). This document provides the rationale for their deployment and explains the general objectives of and conditions for the operation of such units. B. Scope 2.1   This policy applies to the Head of Missions and their delegates and the police ...